Self -taught  stenographer,  or 
Stenographic  guldd... 

by 
Erastus  Brigham  Bigelow 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


THE 


SELF-TAUGHT  STENOGRAPHER, 


STENOGRAPHIC     GUIDE; 

EXPLAINING 

THE  PRINCIPLES  AND  RULES  OF  THE  ART  OF 
SHORT-HAND  WRITING, 

ILL'  uy  APPROPRIATE  PLATES  AND  EXAMPLES. 


LLED    AND    IMPROVED    FROM    THE    LATEST    EUROPEAN    AND 
AMERICAN    PUBLICATIONS, 

BY  E.  B.  BIGELOW,  STENOGRAPHER. 


LANCASTER: 
PRINTED  BY  CARTER,  ANDREWS,  AND  CO. 

1832. 


J.    M.  CURRIER,    M.    D., 
NEWPORT,  VT. 


THE 


SELF-TAUGHT  STENOGRAPHER, 


STENOGRAPHIC     GUIDE; 

EXPLAINING 

THE  PRINCIPLES  AND  RULES  OF  THE  ART  OF 
SHORT-HAND  WRITING, 

ILLUSTRATED  BY  APPROPRIATE  PLATES  AND  EXAMPLES. 


COMPILED   AND    IMPROVED    FROM    THE    LATEST    EUROPEAN    AN» 
AMERICAN    PUBLICATIONS, 

BY  E.  B.  BIGELOW,  STENOGRAPHER. 


LANCASTER : 
PRINTED  BY  CARTER,  ANDREWS,  AND  CO. 

1832. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1832,  by  Erastus  B.  Bigelow,  in 
the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  Massachusetts. 


PREFACE. 

ALTHOUGH  short-hand  writing  has  come  into  disuse, 
by  prejudices  consequent  upon  voluminous,  intricate, 
and  expensive  treatises  heretofore  published,  and  its 
true  merits  have  been  undervalued,  the  author  of  this 
system  flatters  himself,  that,  by  his  perspicuity  of 
arrangement,  he  shall  overcome  all  obstacles  from  this 
source. 

Few  persons  know  the  advantages  of  this  art,  and 
the  facility  of  acquiring  it,  otherwise  it  would  be  more 
/  generally  used ;  and  serve  to  enrich  the  common-place 
book  of  thousands,  who  now  write  by  long-hand  in 
hours,  what  they  could  record  in  minutes  by  the  prac- 
tice of  short-hand.     In  the  compilation  of  this  work  it 
has  been  the  sole  design  to  adapt  it  to  the  use  of  pri- 
</>    vate  learners,  and  to  illustrate  and  exemplify  the  whole 
>  theory  by  rules  and  engravings,  so  as  to  place  it  within 
the  reach  of  every  individual,  without  the  expense  of 
a;  personal  instruction  :  all  of  which  is  compatible  with 
jg  its  simplicity.    For  in  this  system  the  novelty  of  writing 

1  consists  merely  in  the  active  manoeuvring  of  a  few  sim- 
ple but  significant  signs.    These  signs  have  been  care- 
fully  selected,  and  their  respective  powers  so  distinctly 

*  defined  in  the  following  columns,  that  any  person  may 
S)  readily  qualify  himself  without  a  teacher  to  record  the 
^  language  of  a  public  speaker,  word  by  word,  so  legibly 

as  to  be  read  distinctly  at  any  subsequent  time. 
w       Although  the  value  of  shorthand  can  never  be  duly 
£•  appreciated,  except  by  those  who  investigate  its  prin- 

2  ciples,    still  those    must   be   wilfully   prejudiced   and 
sceptical  who  will   not  acknowledge  its   utility  as   a 
labour  and  time  saving  art ;  especially  when  the  time 
necessary  to  its  acquisition  is  reduced  to  a  few  hours 
of  individual  study,   and  the  expense  brought  within 
the  pecuniary  means  of  all. 

(0=  See  Direction*. 

West  Boylston,  Dec.  1(5,  1831. 

4485;: 


THE 


STENOGRAPHIC   GUIDE. 


OF  THE  STENOGRAPHIC  ALPHABET. 

THE  stenographic  alphabet  is  composed  of  twenty -one  characters, 
which  are  extremely  simple,  easily  made,  and  readily  combined  with 
each  other  without  the  loss  of  time,  labour,  space,  or  perspicuity. 
The  alphabet  is  the  first  thing  which  demands  the  attention  of  the 
learner,  the  foundation  on  which  the  whole  art  is  built,  and  on 
which  all  subsequent  improvement  will  depend.  Hence  it  is  ob- 
vious that  the  characters,  as  well  as  the  words  which  they  represent, 
should  be  so  indelibly  fixed  in  the  memory,  as  to  be  recollected  with- 
out the  least  hesitation.  The  learner,  being  furnished  with  a  small 
blank  book  without  ruling,  should  commence  by  writing  the  cha- 
racters of  the  alphabet,  at  the  same  time  repeating  to  himself  the 
letters  and  alphabetical  words  till  the  whole  is  familiar.  Thus,  A 
or  E,  (.)  stands  for  ah,  at,  am,  and ;  B,  ( *N, )  stands  for  be,  by,  been, 
but ;  D,  (/)  for  do,  does,  did,  done,  &c. 

During  this  exercise,  the  learner  should  endeavour  to  form  the 
characters  as  nearly  like  those  in  the  alphabet  as  possible,  in  length, 
proportion,  and  inclination,  beginning  and  ending  according  to  note 
(*),  at  the  same  time  striving  to  increase  the  facility  of  execution  as 
much  as  practicable. 


THE  STENOGRAPHIC  ALPHABET, 

With  the  several  words  represented  by  each  character  when  standing  alone. 

Pla(e  I. 


Letters. 

Characters.* 

Alphabetical  words. 

A  and  E 

• 

ah,  at,  am,  and. 

B 

<\ 

be,  by,  been,  but. 

D 

/ 

do,  does,  did,  done. 

Fand  V 

\ 

for,  of,  off,  if. 

Gand  J 

o- 

God,  give,  go,  gone. 

H 

/ 

have,  he,  had,  him. 

KandC 

C 

keep,  could,  can,  know. 

L 

S 

Lord,  all,  let,  like. 

M 

.^ 

man,  me,  my,  may. 

N 

'v_x 

not,  an,  in,  no. 

Oand  U 

• 

oh,  on,  out,  ought. 

P 

1 

put,  power,  up,  upon. 

Q 

') 

quick,  question,  quite. 

R 

/ 

are,  art,  our,  or. 

S  C  and  Z 

. 

so,  his,  is,  as,  us. 

T 

i 

to,  it,  unto,  the. 

W 

<^ 

we,  will,  with,  who. 

X 

^-, 

except,  accept,  example. 

Y  and  I 

( 

ye,  yet,  you,  your. 

ch 

v 

which,  much,  each,  such. 

sh 

i 

she,  shall,  shame,  should. 

th 

"  — 

this,  they,  thou,  that. 

thr 

—  . 

there,  either,  their,  therefore. 

*  The  small  dots  placed  near  the  characlers,  are  to  shew  at  which  point  the  pupil 
should  commence  to  form  them.  The  circle  is  always  made  first  to  characters  formed 
of  circle  and  line;  as,  £  *\  ,  &c. 


RULES  FOR  USING  THE  CHARACTERS.! 

1.  When  either  of  the  alphabetical  words,  are,  art,  our,  or,  occur  in  writing,  the 
common  r  should  be  made  ;  but  in  combination  with  other  consonants,  the  short-hand 
r  should  be  employed. 

Ex.;      are,  art,  wander,  master. 

r  r  wndr  mstr 


9.  To  express  rr,  begin  with  the  short-hand  r,  and  end  with  the  common  r. 
Ei.    bearer,  error, 

brr  err 


But  for  all  other  double  letters,  make  the  line  longer,  or  the  circle  larger 
Ex.         gratitude,  memory,  people, 

grttd  mmry  ppl 


"J- 


f  Each  character  has  four  distinct  powers.  They  are  employed — 1st,  To  represent 
in  their  individual  capacity  either  of  those  words  annexed  to  them  in  the  stenographic 
alphabet ;  2nd,  as  letters,  or  representatives  of  sounds,  to  be  combined  in  writing  all 
words  not  denoted  by  individual  characters  ;  3rd,  for  some  of  tlie  most  frequent  pre- 
positions; and  4th,  lor  the  most  frequent  terminations  of  words,  which  are  annexed  to 
them  in  the  tables.  See  plates  iv.  and  T. 

J  In  all  examples  given  in  this  way,  the  first  line  is  the  word,  or  sentence,  in  its  lite- 
ral form ;  the  second  and  third  indicate  the  manner  it  is  spelt  and  written  in  short- 
hand. 

RULES  FOR  SPELLING. 

3.  All  words,  except  the  alphabetical  words,  aie  to  be  spelt  and  written  according 
to  the  sound  of  the  letters,  without  any  regard  to  orthography. 

Ex.        empty,  excel,  facts, 

mt  xl  fx 

4.  Spell  as  you  pronounce,  then  every  silent  letter  will  be  omitted,  and  one  letter 
will  be  frequently  substituted  for  another. 

Ex.        light,  Utica,  decay, 

lit  utk  dk 

^\  T  /~ 

5.  Omit  all  vowels  in  spelling,  except  when  distinctly  sounded  at  the  beginning  and 
end  of  words. 

Ex.        end,  pay,  dogma, 

nd  pa  dp-ma 

V  1  °^"% 

6.  When  two  consonants  of  the  same  kind  or  sound  come  together  without  a  vowel 
between  them,  only  one  is  to  be  used. 

Ex.         better,  suffer,  latter, 

btr  «fr  Hr 


But  if »  vowel  or  diphthong  intervene,  use  both. 

Ex.     memory,  people,  lister, 

mmry"  ppl 


7.  4  and  tc  may  be  omitted,  aa  follows. 

Ex.     number,  dumber,  •  answer, 

iniir  shur  ausr 


8.  Let  A:  or  s  supply  the  place  of  c,  according  to  its  sound. 
Ex.        common,  cinder, 

Uniu  sndr 


9.  Let  *  supply  the  place  of  z  io  all  cases. 
Ex.     hazel, 
asl 


10.  ph  and  gh  are  never  written  in  short-hand,  as  they  are  always  sounded  like  /  or 
ti  when  not  silent,  and  therefore  are  represented  by  these  characters. 
Ex.     enough,  Philadelphia,  Stephen, 

enl  fldlla  stvu 


11.  The  letters  cks  and  cts  may  be  called  x. 

Ex.       flocks,  facts,  roc!;s, 

fix  fx  rx 

12.  h  and  e,  may  be  frequently  omitted,  as  follows. 

Ex.  highway,  help,  strength, 

iwa  elp  struth 

(  <-•? 

13.  The  character  for  ch  is  used  in  spelling  only  when  it  has  a  natural  sound,  as  in 
church,  choice,  charm,  &c.     But  when  ch  has  the  sound  of  k  or  sA,  let  these  charac- 
ters be  used.  Ex.      character,  chaise, 

krktr  shs 

L 

Remarks.  Although  this  method  of  spelling  may  appear  difficult 
to  the  beginner,  he  is  assured  that  it  may  be  made  quite  familiar  in  a 
few  hours,  and  that  without  injuring  his  common  spelling.  To  do 
this,  pronounce  words  distinctly  and  rapidly,  retaining  for  short-hand 
nothing  but  the  most  prominent  sounds ;  as,  nv  for  envy,  ntt  for  en- 
tity, Idr  for  elder,  flsfr  for  philosopher,  &.c. 

RULES  FOR  JOINING  CHARACTERS. 

14.  Make  one  letter  as  if  no  other  were  to  be  made,  and  then  without  lifting  the 
pen  make  the  next  as  if  the  first  had  not  been  made,  observing  to  turn  in  that  way 
which  is  the  most  simple  and  easy,  but  let  the  line  always  take  the  same  direction  from 
the  circle.  '  Ex.  -w  p  o  LOB 


15.    The  character  for  v>  may  be  made  to  incline  upwards  or  downward!  —  that 
;hich  is  the  most  convenient  to  join  the  preceding  or  following  character. 
Ex.        w  r  w  i. 

*f  <nf 

Remarks.  As  the  plan  the  pupil  first  adopts  will  soon  become 
habitual,  it  is  highly  necessary  that  at  the  outset  great  attention 
should  be  paid  to  a  regular  form  and  combination  of  the  characters, 
Notwithstanding  this  may  a  little  impede  his  expedition  at  first,  he 
will  be  shortly  rewarded  with  the  pleasure  of  being  able  to  read  his 
own  writing  without  that  hesitation  which  ill-formed  characters  will 
occasion  ;  and  moreover,  to  preserve  a  symmetry  in  their  adaptation, 
on  which  the  facility,  as  well  as  the  beauty  and  elegance  of  this  art, 
chiefly  depend. 

RULES  FOR  WRITING. 

16.  Provide  a  hard  black-lead  pencil,  patent  silver  or  steel  pen,  or  the  common  pen 
made  fine,  good  ink,  and  paper  without  ruling. 

17.  The  pen  is  never  lifted  in  writing,  except  to  make  a  vowel,  or  sign  of  a  preposi- 
tion or  termination. 

18.  When  a  vowel  is  to  be  written,  if  it  be  a  or  e,  make  a  dot  ;  but  if  o  or  u,  make 
a  comma  ;  and  if  it  belong  to  a  particular  word,  let  it  stand  near  that  word,  at  the 
right  or  left  as  the  case  may  be  ;  but  if  not  attached  to  a  word,  give  it  the  same  room 
as  any  other  character. 

19.  y  and  t  arc  denoted  by  their  respective  characters,  and  joined  as  consonants. 

Ex.     might,        sorry. 
mit  sry 


20.  Those  who  do  not  wish  to  use  numeral  characters  for  numbers,  may  use  com- 
mon figures  ;  but  make  them  larger  than  the  other  characters,  that  they  may  be  rea- 
dily distinguished. 

21  Make  every  part  of  a  character,  whether  ascending  or  descending,  of  an  equal 
breadth  or  thickness. 

Remarks.  In  writing  short-hand  all  awkward  twisting  or  bending 
of  the  arm.  which  is  so  natural  to  beginners,  should  be  carefully 
avoided.  The  pressure  of  the  fingers  upon  the  pen,  the  hand  upon 
the  paper,  the  arm  upon  the  table  or  desk,  should  be  as  little  as  pos- 
sible ;  while  the  motion  of  the  pen  should  be  made  with  the  fn 
and  not  by  the  whole  hand,  otherwise  in  long  and  continued  writing 
the  wrist  would  be  tired,  and  its  progress  greatly  retarded. 

RULES  FOR  READING. 

22.  When  a  word  is  not  known  at  sight,  proceed  to  speak  each  letter  of  which  it  is 
'composed  separately  and  distinctly,  and  then  pronounce  the  whole  together  as  rapidly 
as  possible  ;  thus,  n,  r,  when  pronounced  nr,  would  give  the  word  envy  ;  n,  t,  t,  pro- 
nounced nit,  would  give  the  word  entity  ;  I,  d,  r,  would  be  elder  ;  j,  I,  s,  f,  r,  or 
flsfr,  would  be  readily  recognised  as  philosopher  ;  and  the  same  of  all  other  words. 

Remarks.  Do  not  attempt  to  read  your  short-hand  till  you  have 
rendered  the  characters  by  writing  them  tolerably  familiar.  The 
characters  of  this  system  are  simple  and  few,  and  may  soon  be 
known  at  sight,  like  the  letters  of  our  common  alphabet;  and  when 
this  is  the  case,  the  sense  of  the  subject  will  render  the  reading  sure 
and  easy. 


OF  THE  JOINING  TABLE. 

This  table  shows  the  most  easy  and  expeditious  method  of  joining  together  any  two  conso- 
nants admitted  in  short  hand.  If  the  combination  of  gh  be  wanted,  look  for  gh  in  the  left-hand 
column,  follow  the  line  to  the  right  till  you  come  to  the  angle  of  meeting  under  A,  where  you 
will  find  gh  properly  joined.  Join  all  the  characters  different  ways,  as  in  plate  ii,  observing 
that  the  one  at  the  left  is  always  made  first. 

The  learner,  when  joining  these  characters,  should  repeat  to  himself  the  combination ;  thus, 
bb,  bd,  If  or  v,  bg  or  j,  &c.  Example  :  against  I,  and  under  in,  Im  are  properly  joined ;  against 
m,  and  under  I,  ml  are  joined,  and  so  of  the  other  characters. 


B    !<MCK 


Ov. 


V 


Y[ 


CV- 


V 


c/- 


c/ 


X- 


F&  V| 


X 


s  v 


V 


V 


V 


G  &  Jlo- 


°7 


07, 


-f 


•T) 


"T 


H     [7 


9 


K& 


(7 


r 


X 


M 


-7 


V 


r 


V 


V 


y- 


X 


y 


i 


A 


-1 


/f 


/i 


/r 


7 


-f 


n 


T 


•k 


Jo 


Y 


L 


L 


u 


-t 


1 


Y&Ij    ( 


ch 

sh 


c, 


c/ 


C 


C 


c 


t 
•/" 


th 


-f 


T 


10 


Method  of  Joining  the  L  etters, 


emblem 

elder 

wisdom 

manner 

ruler 

danger 

curtain 

godlike 

delay 

elate 

impel 

sister 


nililia 

seldom 

Idr 

suffer 

wsdm 

torrent 

mnr 

viper 

rlr 

wonder 

dngr 

utter 

krtn 

serve 

gdlk 

exalt 

dla 

bent 

elt 

envy 

mpl 

energy 

sstr 

system 

and  forming  easy  Words. 

Plate  III. 
sldm 
sfr 
trnt 


OF  THE  PREPOSITIONS  AND  TERMINATIONS, 

Or  Beginnings  and  Endings  of  Polysyllables. 

Although  we  are  able  to  express  intelligibly  any  word  or  sentence 
by  a  combination  of  the  characters,  as  representatives  of  sound,  yet, 
if  all  the  words  were  to  be  written  letter  by  letter,  however  com- 
plete the  alphabet  may  be,  it  would  be  too  tedious,  and  not  answer 
the  primary  object  proposed,  which  is  that  of  keeping  pace  with  a 
speaker;  therefore,  to  abridge  the  labour  of  writing,  the  most  essen- 
tial prepositions  and  terminations  have  been  introduced,  as  in  these 
consists  the  chief  power  of  language,  and  consequently  the  source  of 
innumerable  abbreviations. ||  These  are  extremely  simple  and  easy, 
as  the  alphabetical  characters  are  used  to  denote  them  ;  and  the  let- 
ter which  each  represents  is  the  first  consonant,  or  most  natural  ex- 
pression for  its  respective  prepositions  and  terminations.  They  are 
distinguished  from  consonants  and  from  one  another,  according  to  the 
rules  following.  The  prepositions  and  terminations  should  be  com- 
mitted to  memory  in  the  same  manner  as  the  alphabetical  words. 

||  There  are  more  than  seven  thousand  words  in  the  English  language  beginning 
with  one  or  other  of  these  prepositions ;  and  above  eleven  thousand  words  in  the  same 
tongue  ending  with  one  or  the  other  of  these  terminations. 


11 


PREPOSITIONS,  or  Begin- 
nings of  long  Words 

Plate  IV. 
^  anti,  ante,  advan 


(con,  contra,  contri,  contro 
'  com,compre,  comp!a,compli 
^  dis,  disin,  discom,  discon 
>\    affect,  effect,  afflict 
07-  aggra,  aggre,  aggri 
^  misin,  multi,  miscon 
^  inter,  enter,  intro,  intru 
Q   pre,  pri,  pro,  per 

i  recom,  recon,  repre,  repro 
__  circum,  signi,  sub,  sup,  super 
I     tran,  trans,  temp,  tempt 

7 

if  exer,  exter,  extra,  extre 


TERMINATIONS,  or  Endings 

of  long  Words.       Plate  V. 
•K.    ble,  able,  ably,  ible,  ibly 


dant,  dent,  duct 


\   . 


flict,  full,  fully,  ference 


ify,  nify,  ity,  ize 
ing ,-ly,  ong,  ung 
tial,  aly,  ly,  less 
mand,  mend,  meat 
ance,  ence,-cy,  ant,  ent,-ly 
r     ary,  iry,  ory 

tion,§  ation,ition,otion,ution 
sive,  sbip.  self,  selves 

TO 

•    tive,  active,  ective,  uctive 
'     ward,  wards,  warded 

act,  ect,  ict,  uct 
T2  ate,  ated,  sionate,  sionately 
_j;.  eous,  ious,  uously,  eousnesa 

^  The  character  for  thn,  See.  is  not  confined  to  these  terminations  alone,  but  may  be 
used  for  any  other  termination  of  the  same  sound,  as  st'on,  tian,  &c. 

Rules  for  distinguishing  the  Prepositions  and  Terminations. 

23.  Place  a  comma  under  the  preposition  when  it  begins  a  word,  without  a  termi- 
nation. ET>        anticipate,  enterprise, 
onlt'spt  enterprs 


24.  Place  a  period  under  the  termination  when  it  ends  a  word  without  a  preposition. 

Ex  .         demand,  merciful, 

Ainand  mrsful 

25.  Place  a  period  over  a  word  when  it  has  both  a  preposition  and  termination. 

Ex.       translation,  combustible, 

translation  co«ibst«i/e 


26.  When  a  word  has  two  terminations,  the  first  must  be  spelt  and  the  last  denomi 
nated  by  its  usua  1  marks. 

Ex.        commandment,  recommendation, 

comoAment  recomailation 


12 


27.  The  termination  eth,  is  indicated  by  a  small  scratch  made  through  the  last  eon- 
sonant.  Ex<        sitteth,  believeth, 

strM  hlvrtA 


Prepositions  and  Terminations  exemplified. 

PI.  VI.        Prepositions  in  Italics. 

PL  VII.        Terminations  in  Italics. 

entertain 

V|^   eniertn 

abundant      "*^y 

abndant 

enterprise 

>£.  —    enterprs 

merciful       x~y~\ 

mrsfid 

anticipate 

°T"f    antispt 

nation          ^^^ 

nation 

transgress 

|/~    transgrs 

sing               _^__. 

sing 

reconcile 

,~^     recons\ 

precious        q,  —  p 

prsious 

comprehend 

.^j       comprend 

demand          /^ 

dmand 

discompose 

qf>        discomps 

salvation      -V\- 

slvation 

affected 

^       ajfcctd 

forward        \/*^ 

frward 

tempest 

»]      tempst 

themselves  >_/~^0 

thmselves 

disinter 

]}>      disin'r 

possible         ^~Sw 

psible 

Prepositions  and  Terminations  in  Italics. 

Plate  VIII. 

persecution 

^"~\      persffion 

aggregation        3-^— 

aggregation 

affection 

\.^       affec-tion 

presumption      *}_X-N_ 

presmtion 

combination 

^V—,     combination 

temperance        I/\_* 

temprance 

combustible 

/^N~i       combstible 

representative  /~V-i 

rcpresntive 

commodiousness 

^-^"^      commAiousness 

translation           L?  — 

translation 

compassionate 

/n  •        compssionate 

recommence        .^_, 

recommence 

discommend 

.'          discom-mend 
/-*. 

circumference    • 

eircum-ferenoa 

discontentment 

(  .          discontntment 

commission         v"s_ 

eommsion 

entertainment 

enterinment 

•  —  i. 

profession           <\ 

profssion 

INSTRUCTION  TO  PROMOTE  LEGIBILITY. 

The  learner  may  sometimes  find  it  convenient,  in  writing  proper 
names  and  words  not  in  common  use,  to  be  more  explicit  in  relation 
to  vowels,  diphthongal  sonnets,  and  doubtful  consonants  ;  for  which 

Rurpose  the  following  rules  are  given.    They  will,  however,  be  found 
;ss  necessary,  as  the   writing  and  reading  become  more  familiar, 
and  should  only  be  used  to  prevent  obscurity. 

RULES. 

28.  To  shew  -which  of  the  vowels  is  omitted  in  the  middle  of  words,  place  a  comma 
over  the  word,  as  follows,  thus:  (,)  for  a  or  e;  (')  for  o  or  u;  for  »  or  y,  se.e  rule  19. 
Ex.        father,  creature,*  natural, 

fathr  kretr  nturl 


29.  For  diphthongal  sonnets,  place  the  comma  under  the  word,  as  follows  :  ~7~  ,  for 
ou  ;  TT-I   for  oy  and  oi  ;    ~~f~    for  on  and  oe. 

Ex.        sound,  broad,  boil, 

-^          V         ** 

30.  In  doubtful  cases,  let  rf,  t>,  g,  tkr,  be  made  heavier  than  r,  f,  j,  ts. 

*    When  a  diphthong  has  the  sound  of  a  vowel,  let  the  sign  of  the  vowel  be  used,  as 
in  this  case. 

PUNCTUATION. 

/     1.  Placed  over  a  word,  shews  it  to  be  the  name  of  a  person  or  place. 
Ex.     Thomas,  Johnson,  Liverpool, 

thins  jnsn  Ivrpl 


/     2.  Placed  under  a  word,  shows  it  to  be  a  very  unusual  word,  or  very  much  ab- 
breviated.       £r_     peculiar,  misrepresent, 

pq  msr 


3.  Placed  over  characters,  denotes  them  to  be  numeral  characters. 
Ex.          138,  1666, 


—    4.  Placed  under  a  word  or  sentence,  denotes  its  repetition. 
Ex.       holy,  holy,  fiom  day  to  day, 

v^x   5.  Signifies  a  defect  in  writing — either  that  something  is  there  omitted,  or  doubt- 
fully expressed. 
s^*  6.  Mark  of  reference  for  marginal  notes  or  observation. 

"^  7.  Repetition  of  text,  &c. 
X      8.  A  period  or  full  stop. 

?!    9    A  note  of  interrogation  or  admiration  by  its  usual  mark. 
10.    I,  eye, 11.  viz. 12.  &c. 13.  ditto, 


14 
FIGURES. 

Those  who  may  prefer  numeral  characters  for  numbers,  instead  of 
figures,  may  adopt  the  following,  observing  the  same  rules  for  join- 
ing, as  in  writing  short-hand.  See  Punctuation,  3d. 

0     1     23456789    10 

O      ~       /       \          I        ~     ^      (          \        (       ~* 

When  any  number  is  repeated,  or  expressed  twice,  a  dot  is  placed  over  the  character. 
Ex.        133,  226,  100, 

-^  >^  -6 

But  if  a  number  is  repeated  three  times,  the  dot  is  placed  under  the  character. 
Ex.       1333,  27779,  1000, 


EXERCISE  l.t  —  Part  of  Psalm  viii. 

Plate  IX. 

O  Lord  my  God,  in  thee  do  I  put  my  trust:     »ave  me  from  all  them  that  persecute 
o      1      m      g     D      tdi|pm      trst         sv      m    Inn    1    thm     th     jjersqt 


[23]  me,  and  deliver  me  ;  2.  Lest  he  tear  my  soul  like  a  lion,  rending  (24)  it  in  pieces, 
m      a      dlvr    m  1st    h     tr    m      si      1    a    In     rnd»n»          t   n     pss 


(8)  while  there  is  none   (2)  to  deliver.    3.  O  Lord  my  God,  if  I  have  done  this;    if 
wl      thr    t    nn  t      dlvr  ||          olmgfihdthf 

>         g  ^      0—    \  •£/?/  ^—  \ 

there  be  iniquity  in  my  hands(12)  ;    4.  If  I  have  rewarded  evil  unto  him  that  was  at 
thr    b      nqify    n     m      ans  f  i      h     rwarded   evl      t       h     th     ws    a 

-  <\   ^     ^^.^-       \-£  /    /*    -y     |    /  v.,^.. 

peace  with  me  ;  yea,(18)  I  have  delivered  him  that  without  cause  is  mine  enemy  ;(19) 
ps      w     m      ya  i     h        dlvrd      h      th       wtht       ks     a    mn    nmy 


5.    Let  the  enemy  persecute  my  soul,  and  take  it;    yea,  let  him  tread  down  my  life 
1      t     nmy      persqt      m      si        a     tk     t       ya      1      h      trd      dn    m     If 

*.*  '  h  I  c.  t  *  \f  <,  ~<t\ 

upon  the  earth,  and  lay  mine  honour  [18]  in  the  dust.      Selah.     [12]      6.  Arise,  O 
p     t      rth,      a     la     mn      onr  n      t      dst.         sla.  ars    o 


Lord,  in  thine  anger  ;  lift  up  thyself,  (24)  because  of  the  rage  of  mine  enemies;   and 
1     n    thn     ngr      1ft    p  thyself  bks        f     t      rg    f     mn         urns         a 


f  In  this  and  the  following  exercises,  the  italic  type  indicates  the  prepositions  and 
terminations  of  words. 

|  See  Punctuation,  10.  ||  See  Punctuation,  8. 

2 


15 

awake  for  me   to  the  judgment  (4)    that  thou  ha»t  commanded.  7.    So  shall  the 

awk      f     m    t      t     ggment                th      th      ast      comndd.  t      sh       t 

.e^~\/->|   I    o-^          x-  s_~-|     /5V  x  -    f    I 

congregation  (25)  of  the  people  (6)  oo.npass  thee  about;  for  their  sakes,  therefore. 

cOTigrgutxm             f     t       p?l             wmps      t       abt        f      thr  sks          thr 

^       "  - 


returntl>ouonhigh.  (4).       8.   The  Lord   shall  judge     the  people:   judge    me.   O 
•  »h        gg        t  l  m      0 


c 


r 


gg        t         ppl          gg       m      0 

a-          o-  ~  . 


6.  O  let  the  wickedness  of  the  wicked  come  to  an  end;  but  establish  the 
'        wkdns         f    t        wkd      km     t   n    nd       b      stblsh      t 


just:    for  the  righteous  God  trieth   the  hearts  and  reins. 
just     f      t      ritcous       g      treM      t       arts     a      rns. 

*n  \  i  'V  ff-  tx  i  -/L  •  /^ 


EXERCISE  2.  —  Psalm  Ixxxvi.     See  Plate  x. 

1.  Bow  down  thine  ear,  O  Lord,  hear  me:  for  I  am  poor  and  needy.      2.  Preserve 

bw      dn      thu    er    o      1         hr    m        f    i  m    pr      a     ndy  presrr 

my  soul,  for  I  am  holy.      O  thou,  my  God,  save  thy  servant  [24]  that  trusteth  in 
m      si        f     i     a      oly  o     th      m     g       sv     thy    snant  th      trstrtA    n 

thee.     3.  Be  merciful  unto  me,  O  Lord  :  for  I  cry  [8]  unto  thee  daily.    4.  Rejoice 

t  b    mrs/ui      t       m     o      1         f    i  krj  t        t      dfy  rgs 

the  soul  of  thy  servant  :    for  unto  thee,  O  Lord,  do  I  lift  up  my  soul.     5.  For  thou 

t     d    f     thy  srvanf        ft        t       o      1        d    i  1ft    p   m     si  f      th 

Lord,  art  [1]  good,  and  ready  to  forgive  ;  and  plenteous  in  mercy  unto  all  them  that 

1       r  gd       a      rdy     t     frgv         a      plntc3iis   n    mrsy     t       1    thm    th 

call  upon  thee.    6.  Give  ear,  O  Lord,  unto  my  prayer  ;  and  attend  [6]  to  the  voice  of 

klpt  gerol          tm     pryr        a    atnd  t    t       vs    f 

my  supplication.  [25]      7.  In  the  day  of  my  trouble  I  will  call  upon  thee  :  for  thou 
m     snp\kation  n    t      da    f     m      trite    i    w     kl      p          t         f      th 

•wilt  answer  [7]  me.    8.  Among  the  gods  there  is  none  like  unto  thee,  O  Lord  ;  neither 

w     ansr  m  among    t      g      thr    s    nn     1       t        t      o      1          nthr 

are  there  any  works  like  unto  thy  works.     9.  All  nations  whom  [12]  thou  hast  made 

r     thr    any  wrks      1       t       t     wrks.  1    nations    v.-m  th     ast    md 

shall  come  and  worship  before  thee,  O  Lord  ;  and  shall  glorify  thy  name.     10.  For 

sh      km      a      wrship      bfr          t        o      1  a       sh       g!ri/</  thy    nm  f 

thou  art  great,  and  doest  wondrous  things:  thou  art  God  alone.     11.  Teach  me  thy 

th     r     grt       a      dst     wndrous   things      th      r     g        aln  tch      m  thy 

way,  O  Lord  :   I  will  walk  [4]  in  thy  truth  ;   unite  my  heart  to  fear  thy  name.     13.  I 

•wa   o      1         i    w     wk          n  thy   trth        unit    m    art    t     fr   thy     nm  i 

will  praise  thee,  O  Lord,  my  God,  with  all  my  heart  ;  and  I  will  glorify  thy  name  for 

w      prs       t      o      1        m      g         w     1    m     art        a    i     w     gln/v  thy    nm      f 

evermore.     13.  For  great  is  thy  mercy  toward  me  ;  and  thou  hast  delivered  my  soul 

evrmr  f      grt    s    thy    limy     lirard   m      a       th      ast      dlvrd      m     si 

from  the  lowest  hell.     14.  O  God,  the  proud  are  risen  against  me,  and  the  assemMit  f 

t'rrn   t     Iwst     el  o     g        t      prd      r      rsn    agnst   mat         aimli 


16 


[7]  of  violent  men  have  sought  [10]  after  my  soul,  and  have  not  set  thee  before  them. 
f      vlut      mn     h        st  aftr    m      si        a      h      n    st      t       bfr      thm 

15.  But  thou,  O  Lord,  art  a  God  full  of  compassion,  and  gracious  [8]  ;  long-suffering, 

bthol         ragflf    commission     a    grsious  long   sfring 

and  plenteous  in  mercy  and  truth,     16.  O  turn  unto  me,  and  have  mercy  upon  me: 

a     plntcoiw    n    mrsy      a      trth  o    trn      t      m       a       h      mrsy       p      m 

give  thy  strength  [12]  unto  thy  servant,  and  save  the  son  of  thine  handmaid.   17.  Shew 

g     thy    strnth  t      thy  srvant     a      sv      t     sn    f    thn     andincl  »ho 

me  a  token  for  good  :  that  they  which  hate  me  may  see  it,  and  be  ashamed  :  because 
m   a    tkn      f      gd        th      th        ch        at    m     m      se   t      a    b     ashmd         bki 
thou,  Lord,  hast  holpen  me,  and  comforted  me. 

th        1        ast     olpn    m      a      comfrtd     m 


Eighty-sixth  Psalm. 


Plate  X. 


EXERCISE  III. 

Part  o/  Lord  JoAn  Russell's  speech  in  the  House  of  Commons,  for  the 
repeal  of  the  Test  and  Corporation  Acts.     See  plate  xi. 

Sir,  —  I  have  shown  (7)  that  the  acts  (II)  to  which  I  have  called  the  attention  of 
the  House,  originated  in  circumstances  (25)  altogether  different  from  those  under  which 
their  burden  is  complained  of,  and  their  repeal  sought  (10)  for.  I  have  gone  through 
the  causes  which  occasioned  [6]  the  enactment  of  the  statute!  ;  [2]  I  have  enumerated 
the  reasons  that  now  exist  for  their  abandonment;  I  have  endeavoured  to  show  [7] 
that  so  far  from  not  inflicting  any  hard.»Aip  [12]  on  the  body  against  whom  they  are 
directed,  they  are  in  fact  the  cause  of  great  mischief  and  injustice,  and  produce  a 


17 


correspondent  degree  of  irritation,  on  the  minds  of  the  parties  aggrieved  by  them.  I 
have  shown  or  attempted  to  show  that  these  laws  [15]  are  founded  on  principles  of 
persecution;  that  they  inflict  very  serious  grievances  on  a  large  proportion  of  our 
population;  that  in  their  spirit  and  operation  they  are  totally~a.t  variance  with  the 
improved  state  of  our  own  legislation  in  relation  to  these  matters,  both  in  Scot- 
land" and  Ireland  ;  and  that  they  arc  diametrica%  opposed  to  the  legislation  of  all  lib- 
eral and  enlightened  [10]  Christian  [13]  countries.  Sir,  I  think  an  alteration  in  these 
laws  are  most  loudly  called  for,  and  most  imperative^/  demanded  at  our  hand  :  rather 
ss  their  repeal  will  tend  to  render  the  dissenters  more  attached  to  the  Constitution,  and 
more  willing  to  bear  with  cheerfulness  their  jwoportion  of  the  burdens  imposed  on  them 
for  the  maintenance  of  the  church  and  state,  [2]  great  as  these  burdens  most  undoubt- 
edfyare.  I  advocate  the  repeal  of  these  laws,  because  I  am  convinced  that  their  aboZi- 
tion  will  material/)/  tend  to  allay  the  bitterness  of  party  and  religious  feeling,  and  con- 
tribute to  the  promotion  of  harmony  and  good  will  among  the  different  classes  of  hi» 
majesty's  subjects  !f  But,  sir,  I  urge  the  repeal  of  these  enactments,  because  I  am  satis- 
fied that  it  will  suit  the  tone  and  spirit  of  the  time.  It  will  be  better  to  consent  to  the 
repeal  of  these  enact?nents,  than  to  permit  the  existence  of  those  angry  yet  inefficient 
and  impracticoUe  laws  which  are  a  disgrace  to  the  statute  book. 

Majority  for  the  motion,  44. 
u  See  punctuation  1st.          f  See  punctuation  9th. 


LORD  RUSSELL'S  SPEECH 


Plate  XI. 


18 

EXERCISE  IV. — Extract  from  President  Washington's  Speech  to  the 
First  American  Congress,  April  30,  1789.     See  plate  xii 

"  With  the  impressions  under  which  I  hare,  in  obedience  to  the  public  summons, 
repaired  to  the  present  station,  it  would  be  peculiarly  improper  to  omit,  in  this  first 
official  act,  my  lervent  supplications  to  that  Almighty  Being  who  rules  over  the  uni- 
rerse,  who  presides  in  the  councils  of  nations,  and  whose  providential  aids  caii  supply 
every  human  defect,  that  his  benediction  may  consecrate  to  the  libtriicr,  ....J  happiness 
of  Ihe  people  of  the  United  Slates,  a  government  instituted  by  thcina'tivi s;  ai^u  may 
enable  every  instrument  employed  in  its  administration,  to  execute  wit!;  success  the 
functions  allotted  to  his  charge.  In  tendering  this  homage  to  the  Gnat  Author  of 
every  public  and  private  good,  I  assure  myself  that  it  expresses  your  sentiments  not 
less  than  my  own  ;  nor  those  of  my  fellow-citizens[9]  at  large  less  thau  either.  No 
people  can  be  bound  to  acknowledge  and  adore  the  invisible  hand  which  conducts  the 
affairs  of  men,  more  than  the  people  of  the  United  States.  Every  step  by  which  they 
have  advanced  to  the  character[13]  of  an  independent  nation,  seems  to  have  been  dis- 
tinguished by  some  token  of  providential  agency.  And  in  the  important  revolution 
just  accomplished  in  the  system  of  their  united  government,  the  tranquil  deliberation 
and  voluntary  consent  of  so  many  distinct  communities,  from  which  the  event  has  re- 
sulted, cannot  be  compared  with  the  means  by  which  most  governments  have  been 
established,  without  some  return  of  pious  gratitude  along  with  an  humble  anticipation 
of  the  future  blessings  which  the  past  seem  to  presage.  These  reflections,  arising  out 
of  the  present  crisis,  have  forced  themselves  too  strongly  on  my  mind  to  be  suppressed. 
You  will  join  with  me,  I  trust,  in  thinking  that  there  are  none,  under  the  influence  of 
which  the  proceedings  of  a  new  and  free  government  can  more  auspiciously  commence. 

"  By  the  article  establishing  the  executive  department,  it  is  made  the  duty  of  the 
President  '  to  recommend  to  your  consideration  such  measures  as  he  should  judge 
necessary  and  expedient.'  The  circumstances  under  which  I  now  meet  you  will 
acquit  me  from  entering  into  that  subject,  further  than  to  reier  you  to  the  great  con- 
stitutional charter  under  which  we  are  assembled,  and  which,  in  defining  your  powers, 
designates  the  objects  to  which  your  attention  is  to  be  given.  It  will  be  more  consis- 
tent with  those  circumstances,  aud  far  more  congenial  with  the  feelings  which  actuate 
me,  to  substitute,  in  place  of  a  recommendation  of  particular  measures,  the  tribute  that 
is  due  to  the  talents,  the  rectitude,  and  the  patriotism,  which  adorn  the  characters 
selected  to  devise  and  adopt  them.  In  these  honourable  qualifications  I  behold  the 
surest  pledge*,  that  as  on  one  side  no  local  prejudices  or  attachments,  no  separate 
views  nor  party  animosities,  will  misdirect  the  comprehensive  and  equal  eye  which 
ought  to  watch  over  this  great  assemblage  of  communities  and  interests, — so,  on  ano- 
ther, that  the  foundation  of  our  national  policy  will  be  laid  in  the  pure  and  immutable 
principles  of  private  morality ;  and  the  pre-eminence  of  a  free  government  be  exem- 
plified by  all  the  attributes  which  can  win  the  affections  of  its  citizens,  and  command 
the  respect  of  the  world. 


conoiny  au 

happiness — between  duty  aud  advantage — between  the  genuiue  maxims  of  an  honest  and 
magnanimous  policy,  ana  the  solid  rewards  of  public  prosperity  and  felicity.  Since  we 
ought  to  be  no  less  persuaded,  that  the  propitious  smiles  of  Heaven  can  never  be  ex- 
pected on  a  nation  that  disregards  the  eternal  rules  of  order  and  right,  which  Heaven 
itself  has  ordained.  And  since  the  preservation  of  the  sacred  fire  of  liberty,  and  the 
destiny  of  the  republican  model  of  government  is  justly  considered  as  deeply,  perhaps 
as  finally  staked,  on  the  experiment  entrusted  to  the  hands  of  the  American  people. 

Instead  of  undertaking  particular  recommendation,  in  which  I  could  be  guided  by  uo 
lights  derived  from  official  opportunities,  I  shall  again  give  way  to  my  entire  confidence 
in  your  discernment,  in  pursuit  of  the  public  good  ;  for  I  assure  myself  that  whilst  you 
car  -fully  avoid  every  alteration  which  might  endanger  the  benefits  of  an  united  and 
effective  government,  or  which  ought  to  await  the  future  lessons  of  experience,  a  reve- 
rence for  the  characteristic  rights  of  freemen,  and  a  regard  for  the  public  harmony,  will 
sufficiently  influence  your  deliberation  on  the  questions,  how  far  the  former  can  be 
more  impregnably  fortified,  or  Ihe  latter  be  safely  and  more  advantageously  promoted. 

Having  thus  imparted  to  you  my  sentiments,  as  they  have  been  awakened  by  the  oc- 
casion which  brings  us  together,  I  shall  take  my  present  leave  ;  but  not  without  resort- 
ing once  more  to  the  benign  Parent  of  the  human  race,  in  humble  supplication,  that 
lince  he  has  been  pleased  to  favour  the  American  people  with  opportunities  for  delibe- 
rating in  perfect  tranquility,and  dispositions  for  deciding  with  unparalleled  unanimity, 
on  a  form  of  government  for  the  security  of  their  union,  and  the  advancement  of  their 
happiness;  so  his  divine  blessing  may  be  equally  conspicuous  in  the  enlarged  views, 
the  temperate  consultations,  and  the  war  measures,  on  which  the  success  of  this  go- 
vernment must  depend." 


WASHINGTON  S    SPEECH. 


Plate  lit. 


I T^     (  "Me- 


20 


1 


^A 
I  -/     .  \  •  — 


21 

PART  II. 
SHORT-HAND  SHORTENED. 

THE  preceding  system  is  complete  in  itself,  and  has  no  depend- 
ence on  the  following  rules.  The  learner,  therefore,  should  have 
nothing  to  do  with  short-hiind  shortened,  till  he  is  quite  familiar  with 
short-hand.  He  may  then  increase  his  facility  of  writing,  by  adding 
other  links  to  the  chain  of  abbreviations,  without  weakening  those 
which  precede. 

Notwithstanding  the  instruction  here  given  is  considered  sufficient, 
stilJ  the  learner  may,  upon  the  same  plan,  go  much  further  by  the 
use  of  other  stenographic  letters  above  or  below  the  line ;  and  all 
this  without  material  encroachment  upon  the  fundamental  principles 
of  the  system;  but  it  is  no  more  necessary  to  the  common  stenogra- 
pher, than  conic  sections  or  fluxions  to  the  humble  arithmetician. 

RULES. 

1.  Make  a  horizontal  touch,  —  above  the  line  of  writing  for  and  the  or  by  the;  anil 
the  same  touch, below  the  line,  for  in  the  or  of  the. 

2.  Make  two  dots,  ••  above  the  line  of  writing,  (or  for  the  or  from  the;  and  the 
tame,  ..  below  the  line,  for  with  the  or  was  the. 

3.  Make  a  circle,  °  above  the  line,  for  over  or  above;  and  the  same,  0  below  the 
line,  for  under,  beneath,  below. 

4.  Place  the  circle  over  or  under  words  for  the  prepositions  over  or  uuder. 

Ex.        overwhelm,        moreover,        undertake, 
orerwlm  mrseer  vndertk 


5.  When  two  words  of  a  contrary  signification  come  together,  with  a  word  or  two 
between  them,  write  first  the  contrary  word,  and  afterwards  express  the  oppotition  by 
drawing  a  line,  thus  / 

Ex.      good  and  bad,        day  and  night,       from  the  east  to  the  west, 


When  two  words  come  together  denoting  the  difference  of  sex,  write  as  above.  Ex. 
he  and  she,  male  and  female,  man  and  woman.  Or  if  two  corresponding  terms  of 
relation  fall  together,  they  are  signified  in  the  same  way.  Ex.  husband  and  wife, 
father  and  mother,  parents  and  children,  son  and  daughter,  Stc. 

6.  When  a  word  is  repeated,  and  not  repeated  till  something  else  occurs,  write 
down  a  word  or  two  and  make  the  mark  for  Sic. 

SHORTENING  RULES, 
For  enabling  the  writer  to  follmc  the  most  rapid  speaker. 

7.  The  first  word  or  two  of  every  sentence  should  be  written  very  plain  and  intelli- 
gible.    This  will  secure  a  connection,  and  render  the  whole  sentence  easy  to  be  read, 
though  much  abbreviated  in  the  latter  part. 


22 

8.  The  articles  c,  aw,  and  the,  and  the  siVn  of  the  genitive  ease,  of,  mav  be  always 
omitted. 

9.  The  first  consonant  and  termination  of  a  word  is  often  sufficient  to  express  the 
whole. 

10.  In  many  cases  the  terminations  are  such  that  no  mark  need  be  made  for  them. 

10.  Many  words  may  be  expressed  by  two  or  three  of  their  leading  consonants,  or 
by  their  initials  where  the  sense  is  clear ;  and  in  most  long  sentences  a  number  of  small 
words  may  be  dropped  without  impairing  the  perspicuity  of  the  sentence. 

11.  The  sign  of  the  plural  of  nouns,  together  with  s,  cth,  ed,  and  est,  terminations 
in  the  tenses  of  verbs,  may  be  omitted. 

12.  Such  words  as  are  usually  abbreviated  in  long-hand,  may  be  abbreviated  in  sh.h. 

13.  Poetic  contractions  may  also  be  made  use  of:  as  morn  for  morning,  &c. 

14.  Some  compound  words  may  be  written  singly,  thus ;  with  out,  with  draw,  child 
hood,  &c. 

AllBITRARIES. 

The  following  are  a  few  arbitrary    (or  contracted)    characters, 
which  may  be  used  at  the  option  of  the  pupil. 

Plate  XIII. 


15. 

CD 

the  world 

27. 

= 

equal 

16. 

•h 

Jesus  Christ 

28. 

4: 

United  States 

17. 

f 

Christianity 

29. 

?/ 

altogether 

18. 

x 

Christian  religion 

30. 

s 
/ 

divided,  broken 

19. 

o 

before 

31. 

7* 

undivided,  unbroken 

20. 

—  o 

after 

32. 

/ 

distinguish-ed-ing 

21. 

'j& 

unnecessary  superfluous 

33. 

T 

understanding 

22. 

^ 

unnatural,  uncommon 

34. 

** 

angel,  archangel 

23. 

/ 

together 

35. 

a) 

around,  about 

24. 

heaven-ly 

36. 

9 

roundabout,  round 

25. 

o 

nothing 

27. 

0 

through 

26. 

0 

something 

38. 

-6- 

throughout 

EXERCISE  I.* — 1st  Chapter  of  Genesis. — See  Plate  xiv. 

1.  In  the  (1]  beginning  God  created  the  [8]  heavens  [24]  andthe  [1]  earth.  2.  And 
the  earth  was  without  [14]  form,  and  void;  and  darkness  was  upon  the  face  of  the 
deep:  and  the  spirit  of  [8]  God  moved  upon  the  face  of  the  waters.  3.  And  God  said, 
let  there  be  light :  and  there  was  light.  4.  And  God  saw  the  light,  that  it  was  good : 
and  God  divided  [30]  the  light/rom  the  [2]  darkness.  5.  And  God  called  [11]  the  light 
day,  and  the  darkness  he  called  night :  and  the  evening  [13]  and  the  morning  [13] 
were  the  first  day.  6.  And  God  said,  let  there  be  a  [8]  firmanent  in  the^midst  of  the 
waters,  and  let  it  divide  [30]  the  vratersfrom  the  waters.  7.  And  God  made  the  firma- 
ment, and  divided  the  waters  which  were  under  [3]  the  firmament  from  the  waters 
which  were  above  [3]  the  firmament :  and  it  was  so.  8.  And  God  caned  the  firmanent 
heaven;  and  the  evening  and  the  morning  were  the  second  day.  9.  And  God  saidj 

*  The  references  in  this  exercise  refer  only  to  the  instruction  given  in  Part  II. ;  and 
the  italic  type  distinguishes  such  words  and  parts  of  words  as  are  abbreviated  accord- 
ing to  the  rules  therein  given. 


448554 


23 


let  the  waters  under  the  heaven  be  gathered  together  [23]  unto  one  place,  and  l<-t  the 
dry  land  appear:  and  it  was  so.  10.  And  God  called  the  dry  land  earth,  and  tht 
gathering  together  of  the  waters  called  he  seas  :  and  God  saw  that  it  was  good.  11. 
And  God  said,  let  the  earth  bring  forth  grass,  the  herb  yielding  seed,  and  Hie  fruit  tree 
yielding  fruit  after  ['30]  his  kind,  whose  seed'is  in  itself,  upon  the  earth  :  and  it  was  so. 
12.  ilndthc  earth  brought  forth  grass,  and  herb  yielding  seed  after  his  kind,  and  tht 
tree  yielding  fruit,  whose  seed  was  in  itself,  after  his  kind  :  and  God  saw  that  it  was 
good.  13.  ~ind  the  evening  and  the  morning  were  the  third  day.  14.  And  God  said, 
let  there  be  light  in  the  firmament  of  the  hem-ens,  to  divide  the  day/rom  the  night  ;  and 
let  them  be  for  signs,  and  for  seasons,  and  for  days,  and  years.  15.  And  lei  them  be 
for  lights  in  the  firmanent  of  the  heaven,  to  give  light  upon  the  earth:  and  it  was  so. 
16.  And  God  made  two  great  lights;  the  greater  light  to  rule  the  day,  end  the  lewer 
light  to  rule  the  night  :  he  made  the  stars  also.  17.  And  God  »et  them  tri  the  firma- 
ment of  the  heaven,  to  give  light  upon  the  earth.  18.  And  to  rule  orer  the  day,  and 
over  the  night,  and  to  divide  the  \\g\\tfrom  the  darkness  :  and  God  saw  that  it  was  good. 
19.  And  the  evening  and  the  morning  were  the  fourth  day.  20.  And  God  said,  let 
the  waters  bring  forth  abundantly  the  moving  creature  that  hath  life,  and  the  fowl 
that  may  fly  above  the  earth  in  the  open  firmament  of  heaven.  21.  And  God  created 
great  whales  and  every  living  creature  that  moveJA,  [11]  which  the  waters  brought 
forth  abundantly  after  their  kind,  and  every  winged  fowl  after  his  kind:  and  God 
saw  that  it  was  good.  22.  And  God  blessed  them,  saying,  be  fruitful,  and  multiply, 
and  fill  the  waters  in  the  seas,  and  let  the  fowl  multiply  in  the  earth.  23.  ~1nd  the 
evening  and  the  morning  were  the  fifth  day.  24.  And  God  said,  let  the  earth  bring 
forth  the  living  creature  after  his  kind,  cattle,  and  creeping  things  and  beast  of  the 
earth  after  his  kind  :  and  it  was  so.  25  And  God  made  the  beast  of  the  earth  after 
his  kind,  and  the  cattle  after  their  kind,  and  every  thing  that  creepeiA  upon  the  earth 
after  his  kind  :  and  God  saw  that  it  was  good.  26.  And  God  said,  let  us  make  man  in 
our  image,  after  our  likeness  ;  and  let  them  have  dominion  orer  the  fish  of  the  sea, 
and  over  the  fowl  of  the  air,  and  over  the  cattle,  and  orer  all  the  earth,  and  orer  every 
creeping  thing  that  ereepetA  upon  the  earth.  27.  So  God  created  man  in  his  own  im- 
age, in  the  image  of  God  created  he  him  ;  male  and  female  [5]  created  he  them.  26. 
.And  God  blessed  them,  and  God  said  unto  them,  be  fruitful,  and  multiply,  and  reple- 
nish the  earth,  and  subdue  it:  and  have  dominion  orer  the  fish  of  the  sea,  and  orer  the 
fowl  of  the  air.  and  over  every  living  thing  that  movetA  upon  the  earth.  29.  And  God 
*aid,  behold  1  have  given  you  every  herb  bearing  seed,  which  is  upon  the  face  of  all  the 
earth,  and  every  tree,  in  the  which  is  the  fruit  of  a  tree  yielding  seed  ;  to  you  it  shall 
be  for  meat.  30.  And  to  every  beast  of  the  earth,  and  to  every  fowl  of  the  air.  and  to 
every  thing  that  creepetA  upon  the  earth  wherein  there  is  life,  I  have  given  every  green 
herb  for  meat;  and  it  was  so.  31.  And  God  saw  every  thing  that  he  had  made,  and 
behold,  it  was  very  good.  Jlnd  the  evening  and  the  morning  were  the  sixth  day. 


Chapter  of  Genesis. 


Plate  XIV 


24 


MISCELLANEOUS  INSTRUCTION. 

The  pupil  should  accustom  himself  to  write  short-hand  small  and 
neat,  and  not  be  too  anxious  to  write  expeditiously  before  the  rudi- 
ments of  the  art  are  permanently  fixed  in  the  mind. 

The  first  great  object  proposed  by  short-hand  is,  to  commit  words 


25 

to  paper  with  the  least  possible  time  and  labour ;  therefore,  in  writ- 
ing, the  less  expression  there  is  the  better  for  the  sake  of  brevity, 
which  justifies  the  greatest  omissions,  provided  what  is  left  be  intel- 
ligible. Though  the  omission  of  vowels  and  the  abbreviation  of 
words  may  for  a  while  present  difficulties  to  the  learner,  still  he 
should  not  be  discouraged,  nor  hence  infer  that  the  s\  stem  is  incom- 
plete*, or  the  art  unattainable,  even  if  he  should  not  be  able  at  first  to 
read  his  own  writing  without  hesitation.  For  with  the  same  propri- 
ety might  the  young  reader  condemn  and  abandon  the  use  of  the 
co'mmon  alphabet,  because  he  cannot  at  once  read  elegantly  ;.  the 
young  musician  discard  his  notes,  or  the  young  mathematician  his 
elements  of  Euclid.  Let  him,  therefore,  persevere  ;  and  when  he 
has  become  a  little  more  accustomed  to  writing,  abbreviating  will 
become  natural,  and  habit  will  render  reading  perfectly  easy. 

Nor  is  it  to  be  supposed  that  a  person  can  record  the  language  of  a 
public  speaker,  without  the  aid  of  previous  practice.  To  turn  this 
necessarv  practice  to  the  best  possible  account,  the  learner  who  is 
desirous  to  improve  in  useful  knowledge,  should  procure  a  person  to 
read  such  facts  and  items  of  information  as  may  bo  considered  imme- 
diately interesting  or  worthy  of  future  perusal",  with  much  delibera- 
tion, 'while  he  records  them  in  a  common-place  book — the  reader 
increasing  in  speed  as  he  finds  the  writer's  ability  to  lo!lo\v  him  in- 
creased. By  this  method  he  will  become  familiarized  with  the 
manner  of  following  a  voice,  and  will  overcome  that  confusion  \ 
creates  an  impediment  to  prompt  execution  in  a  practitioner's  first 
attempts  to  write  after  a  public  speaker.  Thus  pursuing  ;!iis  course 
repeatedly,  he  may  in  a  short  time  note  down  with  the  utmost  ex- 
actness whatever  is  spoken  in  public,  for  his  future  gratification  and 
instruction. 

Directions. — The  learner  should  begin  with  the  alphabet,  and 
studv  each  column  successively;  and  when  the  rudiments  of  the  art 
are  well  understood,  go  on  to  copy  the  contents  of  the  several  plates 
in  their  progressive  order,  carefully  comparing  every  doubtful  cha- 
racter with  the  rules  and  explanations,  till  the  whole  system  is  fami- 
liar. The  compiler  of  this  chart  has  deemed  it  proper  to  number  the 
rules  uniformly  through  the  different  classes,  in  order  to  preserve  a 
symmetry  of  reference. 

Every  obscure  and  ambiguous  word  that  occurs  in  the  exercises 
here  given,  is  rendered  perspicuous  and  easy  in  the  following  man- 
ner. (See  plate  is.)  The  figures  23.  placed  after  the  word  persecute. 
refer  to  rule  23,  which  indicates  that  the  character  for  the  preposition 
is  distinguished  by  a  comma  placed  under  it;  the  figure  8,  placed 
after  pieces,  refers  to  rule  8,  which  shews  that  *  sometimes  supplies 
the  place  of  c ,  as  in  this  case ;  2,  after  none,  refers  to  rule  2.  which 
denotes  the  formation  of  double  letters;  the  same  of  the  other  words. 


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